Table 2. IP grading system

IP grade Distinguishing histopathological characteristics
I Ciliated respiratory epithelium with underlying squamous metaplasia, at least 12 cell layers thick, associated with early inversion of squamous metaplasia.
II Partially ciliated respiratory epithelium with luminal squamous metaplasia and increased prominence of inversion including the involvement of seromucinous glands.
III Near complete absence of respiratory epithelium, metaplasia replaced by stratified squamous epithelium, and varying degrees of dysplasia.
IV Invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the presence of inverted squamous metaplastic and dysplastic change; features of grades II and III will be present when grade IV is diagnosed.
Adopted from Roh et al.4) with permission of John Wiley & Sons.